NSCB - Statistically Speaking... RICE SELF-SUFFICIENCY OR RICE SECURITY? SOME STATISTICS ON RICE AND EXPORTS By Dr. Romulo A. Virola

RICE SELF-SUFFICIENCY OR RICE SECURITY?
SOME STATISTICS ON RICE AND EXPORTS
by Dr. Romulo A. Virola ¹
Secretary General, NSCB

RICE SELF-SUFFICIENCY OR RICE SECURITY? SOME STATISTICS ON RICE AND EXPORTS Two things envisioned in the State of the Nation Address delivered by Pres. Aquino last 25 July are: “First, an end to over-importation that only serves to benefit the selfish few. Second: we want rice self-sufficiency – that the rice served on every Filipino’s dinner table is planted here, harvested here, and purchased here.”

About twenty years ago, 1992 to be exact, we were a net exporter of rice. With a population of 65.34 million² in 1992 and rice utilization per capita of 87.13 kgs per capita per year or 238.71 grams per capita per day, we needed about 5.7 million metric tons of rice. We produced 5.97 million metric tons and exported 35,101 metric tons. Rice³ cost Ph Pesos 10.25 per kilo in the NCR in 1992, about 8.7 % of the minimum wage of Ph Pesos 118 for non-agriculture workers. Palay prices⁴ in Region 3⁵ were at Ph Pesos 4.91 or 4.4 % of the minimum wage of Ph Pesos 111.00⁶.

Since 1993 we have been a net importer of rice. In 2010, we had a population of 93.87 million⁷ and rice utilization per capita of 112.76 kgs per year or 308.93 grams⁸ per capita per day for a national requirement of 10.59 million metric tons of rice. We produced only 10.32 metric tons and imported 2.4 million metric tons. Rice cost Ph Pesos 30.00 per kilo in NCR, about 8 % of the average minimum wage of Ph Pesos 374.50⁹ last year. For the same year, the farmers of Region 3 got Ph Pesos 15.48 or 5.6 % of the minimum wage of Ph Pesos 276.50.¹⁰ Were our rice farmers and the rice eaters better off in 1992 or in 2010? Do we now strive for food security or do we target to be self-sufficient in rice? (Tables 1 & 2 )

As we all know, rice is the staple food of Juan dela Cruz. In the 70s and the 80s and as late as 1992, we were self-sufficient in rice. But so much hectarage that used to be planted to rice had given way to subdivisions, commercial and industrial establishments, and golf courses. For economic development? For world-class Pinoy golfers? So far, it looks like the Koreans and the Taiwanese have benefitted more from these land conversion decisions as golfers from the two countries are now doing very well in the professional golf tours. Some say, the agrarian reform has not been all that good either. It is therefore not surprising that from 1993 to 2011, we depended on rice importation to secure our food needs. We are not agriculturists; and we do not have Ph.Ds in economics, but our gut feel is that self-sufficiency in our staple food is the better development strategy. Rice is of course, very important to our poor¹¹ kababayan, who spent 32% of their total food expenditure in 2006 on rice. And certainly, we do not want to suffer once again from the rice crisis that hit us in 2008, regardless of whether it was a rice price crisis or a food crisis. According to Wikipedia¹², there were dramatic increases in world food prices in 2007 and the 1st and 2nd quarters of 2008, “creating a global crisis and causing political and economical instability and social unrest in both poor and developed countries”. It may be recalled that farmers and fishermen comprise the two poorest sectors¹³ of Philippine society and so a rice crisis whether on the supply or demand side will have serious repercussions to the well-being of our people. Indeed, rice is a critical commodity in our country and our leaders should recognize that possibly far more important than economic efficiency whose benefits do not necessarily trickle down to the poor, is preventing our social volcano from becoming restive. In fact, even before the social unrests in the Middle East and North Africa, there has been increasing worldwide recognition for alternative/supplementary measures of progress of societies like Gross National Happiness¹⁴ to go with GDP/GNP¹⁵.

This rainy month of August, Statistically Speaking focuses on some statistics on rice and exports, hopefully to help our planners and decision makers. Aside from those already cited, here are more:

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), in 2008, the Philippines with 16.82 million tonnes was the 8th top producer of rice¹⁶ in the world, but 5th among the ASEAN countries. We were behind China (193.35 million tonnes) , India (148.77 million tonnes), Indonesia (60.25 million tonnes), Bangladesh (46.74 million tonnes), Vietnam (38.73 million tonnes), Myanmar (32.57 million tonnes), and Thailand (31.65 million tonnes). Completing the top ten are Brazil (12.06 million tonnes) and Japan (11.03 million tonnes). The Philippine position has been fairly steady at 5th among the ASEAN countries since 1970s, but our global position has improved from 10th in 1970 to 8th since 2000. (Tables 3A and 3B)

But FAO data also say that despite our being world’s 8th top producer of rice¹⁷ in 2008, we were the world’s top importer of rice, followed by United Arab Emirates, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Iraq, South Africa, Cote d’Ivoire, and the United States of America. Whether it is good for our health, we do not know, but we obviously love rice. No wonder Mang Inasal and Chic-Boy are such big hits with their unlimited rice promos. Must be good business for the Dr. Belos and the Dr. Calayans too. (Tables 4A and 4B)

The world’s top exporters of rice¹⁸ in 2008 were Thailand, (8.67 million tons), Vietnam (4.74 million tons), Pakistan (2.60 million tonnes), India (2.47 million tonnes) and the United States of America (1.71 million tonnes). Others in the top ten are China (0.81 million tonnes), Italy (0.62 million tonnes), United Arab Emirates (0.52 million tonnes), Uruguay (0.50 million tonnes), and Brazil (0.32 million tonnes). (Tables 5A and 5B)

And despite the presence of IRRI and UP Los Banos, our rice¹⁹ yield per hectare stood at only 37.70 hectograms in 2008 and which ranks 50th among 115 countries and 4th in the ASEAN. We can learn lessons from the high yields in 1st Egypt (97.31 Hg), 2nd Australia (95.00 Hg), 3rd El Salvador (79.37 Hg), 4th Uruguay (79.02 Hg), and 5th United States (76.73 Hg). We can also find out why some of our ASEAN neighbors do better: 24th Vietnam (52.28 Hg), 30th Indonesia (48.95 Hg), and 44th Myanmar (40.32 Hg). (Tables 6A and 6B)

Curiously, in terms of yield per hectare, we are doing better than a major competitor, Thailand, with 29.62 hectograms, although Thailand is the world’s 5th largest rice producer and the top rice exporter. (Table 6B)

While area harvested to rice has increased from 3.20 million hectares in 1970 to 3.50 million has. in 1980 to 4.46 million has. in 2008, the other ASEAN countries have likewise increased their areas harvested to rice except Brunei and Malaysia. Thus, the Philippines continues to have only the 5th largest area harvested to rice while Thailand with 10.68 million hectares, ranks 2nd to Indonesia with 12.31 million hectares. This explains why Thailand despite its lower yield per hectare produces more rice than the Philippines. (Tables 7A and 7B)

What about our exports?

Exports of course comprise a very important sector of the economy. They provide employment and generate foreign currency needed to finance import requirements. In 2010, exports of goods amounted to Ph Pesos 2.26 trillion or 25.1% of total GDP, while exports of services amounted to Ph Pesos 874 billion or 9.7 % of GDP. (Table 8)

Philippine exports have changed dramatically in the last 20 years as our export revolution shifted “From Coconut Chips to Microchips”.²⁰ In the 60s, our top merchandise exports included plywood, logs, centrifugal sugar, copper concentrates, and crude coconut oil. In the 70s, plywood was replaced by garments. Starting in the 80s, semiconductors and electronic microcircuits became our top export, together with garments and crude coconut oil. In the 90s, our top exports were semiconductors and electronic microcircuits, finished electrical machinery, garments, and ignition wiring sets. Starting 2008, they were joined by cathodes & sections of cathodes of refined copper. In 2010, using a new classification system under the overall revised PSNA series²¹, the top merchandise exports were components/Devices (Semiconductors), Electronic Data Processing, Articles of Apparel and Clothing Accessories, Coconut Oil, and Ignition wiring sets. In current prices, electronic components accounted for 62 percent of the total exports of goods of the Philippines with the principal agricultural products limited to a share of 4.3% (Table 9)

And yes, the Philippines has become a leading global supplier of integrated circuits and electronic components, ranking 10th in 2009 with a share of 3.1 percent in the world²².

What has happened to our agricultural products? Our luscious mangoes from Zambales and Guimaras? Our virgin coconut oil? Our bananas, our pineapple? If one goes by the Value of Exports, truly, integrated circuits and electronic components are tops. But in terms of Value Added, our agriculture products provide much higher contributions. While the electronic products have Value Added of at most 40% of Output, our Agriculture products contribute at least 65%! (Table 10)

The question therefore is, are our export strategies correct? We statisticians do not have the answer but we hope our questions will help.

And how do we compare with our ASEAN neighbors?

In terms of share of the world export market, the Philippines ranked fifth among the ASEAN countries from 2000 to 2008, behind Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia. Yes, we are kulelat among the original ASEAN member states. Worse, in 2009, we were overtaken by Vietnam. (Table 11)

What about the countries where our exports go?

The United States of America and Japan have consistently been the top two destinations of our exports since 1995. From 1995 to 1998, they had a share of about 50% of our exports but this has gone down over the years: 45% in 2000, 36% in 2005 and 30% in 2010. In recent years, the other top destinations of our exports are People’s Republic of China, Hongkong and the Netherlands, although Singapore came in third in 2010. The tsunami in Japan and the Standard & Poor’s unprecedented downgrade of the US will therefore not affect us as much as they would have in the earlier years when our exports were less diversified by country of destination. (Table 12)

Can we achieve the vision of the last SONA? Despite the bad news coming from the statistics, there is really no reason why not! After all, we have been there before! But we have to work hard and we have to have the will to walk our talk. We also need to cooperate with one another and rally around this vision!

May we have less typhoons this year!

Reactions and views are welcome thru email to the author at ra.virola@nscb.gov.ph

_______________
¹ Secretary General of the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) and Chairman of the Statistical Research and Training Center (SRTC). He holds a Ph. D. in Statistics from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, U.S.A. and has taught mathematics and statistics at the University of the Philippines. He is also a past president of the Philippine Statistical Association. This article was co-written by Mark C. Pascasio, Statistical Coordination Officer I, of the NSCB. The authors thank Jessamyn O. Encarnacion, Noel S. Nepomuceno, Mechelle Viernes, Gerald Junne Clarino, Priscille C. Villanueva, Ma. Libertie V. Masculino, Albert Garcia, Andrea Baylon, and Edgard E. Enrado for the assistance in the preparation of the article. The views expressed in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NSCB.

² Using the 1990 Census-based population projections

³ Regular milled rice. Source: CountrySTAT Philippines, Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS).

⁴ Farmgate prices for Palay Other Variety, dry. Source: CountrySTAT Philippines, BAS.

⁵ The top rice producer among the 17 regions of the Philippines

⁶ Average of the range under WO 02 dated 2 July 1991.

⁷ Using the 1990 Census-based population projections. The population estimate for 2010 is 94.01 million using the 2000 Census-based population projections

⁸ For purposes of poverty monitoring, the average requirement per capita per day is 360 grams. From the 2008 National Nutrition Survey of the Food and Nutrition Research Institute, the mean one-day per capita food consumption on rice and rice products was 317 grams.

⁹ Average of the ranges under WO 14 and WO 15, dated 28 Aug 2008 and 1 July 2010, respectively.

¹⁰ Average of the range under WO 14 dated 16 June 2008.

¹¹ The bottom 30% of the 2006 (FIES) income distribution. The 2009 FIES Public Use Files provided to the NSCB by the NSO does not have the details to allow an update of this parameter. See Statistically Speaking article (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2009/091409_rav_bbb_food.asp)

¹² Wikipedia. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_world_food_price_crisis)

¹³ See Statistically Speaking article Table 9: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2011/071111_rav.asp

¹⁴ The NSCB started work on the Philippine Happiness Index (PHI) in 2007. See Statistically Speaking articles (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2010/110810_rav_joe_happiness.asp, http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2007/100807_rav_happiness2.asp and http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2007/081307_rav_happiness.asp) and papers during the 10th and 11th National Convention on Statistics (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ncs/10thNCS/papers/invited%20papers/ips-28/ips28-03.pdf and http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ncs/11thNCS/papers/invited%20papers/ips23/01_Measuring%20Progress %20of%20Philippine%20Society%20What%20Makes%20the%20Poor%20Happy.pdf).

¹⁵ Gross National Income (GNI) is now used in lieu of GNP, per recommendation of the 1993/2008 SNA.

¹⁶ Rice, paddy

¹⁷ Rice milled, which is different from the classification 042 under the Philippine Standard Commodity Classification used by the NSO in generating Foreign Trade Statistics. Code 042 includes rice in the husk (paddy or rough rice), rice semi-milled or wholly-milled, rice husked but not further prepared.

¹⁸ Rice milled

¹⁹ Rice, paddy

²⁰ Ernie Santiago. The Philippine ICT Industry. ITA Symposium. Geneva. 28 March 2007http://search.wto.org/search?q=role+of+exports+in+the+philippines&site=English_website&btnG=Search&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&client=english_frontend&numgm=5&ud=1&oe=ISO-8859-1&ie=ISO-8859-1&proxystylesheet=english_frontend&proxyreload=1

²¹ The overall revised and 2000-rebased PSNA series for 1998-2010 was released last 12 May 2011 for the annual series and 30 May 2011 for the quarterly series.

²² World Trade Organization, International Trade Statistics 2010

Table 1. Philippine Rice Imports/Exports
Unit: in metric tons; PSCC code: 042

Year	Imports	Exports
1984	*	1
1985	*	-
1986	*	-
1987	*	112,000
1988	*	-
1989	*	16,000
1990	*	-
1991	61	10,009
1992	636	35,101
1993	203,943	1
1994	169	no exportation
1995	264,155	no exportation
1996	866,881	no exportation
1997	724,880	-
1998	2,178,135	44
1999	838,071	323
2000	642,294	323
2001	810,903	13
2002	1,200,587	2
2003	888,984	16
2004	1,003,401	987
2005	1,829,604	34
2006	1,723,277	90
2007	1,809,828	281
2008	2,438,932	1,199
2009	1,784,141	198
2010	2,386,217	1,309

Notes:
- less than '000 MT
* no electronic copies of the data are available

Sources:
Foreign Trade Statistics, National Statistics Office;
Philippine Statistical Yearbook, National Statistical Coordination Board

042 includes rice in the husk (paddy or rough rice), rice semi-milled or wholly-milled, rice husked but not further prepared.

Table 2. Rice Supply and Utilization Account by Year

Year	SU Production (in thousand metric tons)	UT Per Capita (in kg/yr)	UT Per Capita (in gm/day)
1990	6095	92.53	253.51
1991	6326	83.71	229.34
1992	5970	87.13	238.71
1993	6170	88.52	242.52
1994	6892	86.49	236.96
1995	6894	92.55	253.56
1996	7379	98.73	270.49
1997	7370	97.05	265.89
1998	5595	91.91	251.81
1999	7708	99.68	273.10
2000	8103	103.16	282.63
2001	8472	103.77	284.30
2002	8679	108.03	295.97
2003	8829	107.02	293.21
2004	9481	116.09	318.05
2005	9550	118.80	325.48
2006	10024	118.70	325.21
2007	10621	126.24	345.86
2008	10997	128.10	350.96
2009	10633	119.92	328.55
2010	10315	112.76	308.93

SU - Supply
UT - Utilization

Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics http://countrystat.bas.gov.ph/selection.asp

Table 3A. 2008 Top 10 World Producers of Rice, paddy

Country	2008 (in tonnes)	Rank
China	193,354,180	1
India	148,770,000	2
Indonesia	60,251,100	3
Bangladesh	46,742,000	4
Viet Nam	38,725,100	5
Myanmar	32,573,000	6
Thailand	31,650,600	7
Philippines	16,815,500	8
Brazil	12,061,500	9
Japan	11,028,800	10

Table 3B. ASEAN Producers of Rice, paddy

ASEAN Country	1970 (in tonnes)	Rank	1980 (in tonnes)	Rank	1990 (in tonnes)	Rank	2000 (in tonnes)	Rank	2005 (in tonnes)	Rank	2006 (in tonnes)	Rank	2007 (in tonnes)	Rank	2008 (in tonnes)	Rank
Indonesia	19,331,000	1	29,651,900	1	45,178,800	1	51,898,000	1	54,151,100	1	54,454,900	1	57,157,400	1	60,251,100	1
Viet Nam	10,173,300	3	11,647,400	4	19,225,100	2	32,529,500	2	35,832,900	2	35,849,500	2	35,942,700	2	38,725,100	2
Myanmar	8,161,900	4	13,317,400	3	13,971,800	4	21,323,900	4	27,683,000	4	30,924,000	3	31,451,000	4	32,573,000	3
Thailand	13,850,000	2	17,368,100	2	17,193,200	3	25,844,000	3	30,291,900	3	29,641,900	4	32,099,400	3	31,650,600	4
Philippines	5,578,410	5	7,646,490	5	9,885,000	5	12,389,400	5	14,603,000	5	15,326,700	5	16,240,200	5	16,815,500	5
Cambodia	3,814,000	6	1,717,000	7	2,500,000	6	4,026,090	6	5,986,200	6	6,264,120	6	6,727,000	6	7,175,470	6
Lao People's Democratic Republic	903,231	8	1,053,100	8	1,491,500	8	2,201,700	7	2,568,000	7	2,663,700	7	2,710,050	7	2,927,140	7
Malaysia	1,681,420	7	2,044,600	6	1,884,980	7	2,140,800	8	2,314,000	8	2,187,000	8	2,375,000	8	2,353,000	8
Brunei Darussalam	6,781	9	2,747	9	930	9	299	9	851	9	1,095	9	1,512 *	9	1,402 *	9
Singapore

* = Unofficial figure
[ ] = Official data
F = FAO estimate
Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology
M = Data not available
P = Provisional official data

Source: FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2011 | 05 August 2011

Table 4A. 2008 Top 10 Importers of Rice Milled

Country	2008 (in tonnes)		Rank
Philippines	2,500,000	*	1
United Arab Emirates	1,278,230		2
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	1,125,050	R	3
Saudi Arabia	926,281	R	4
Malaysia	883,111	*	5
Bangladesh	781,168	*	6
Iraq	694,215	R	7
South Africa	626,429		8
Côte d'Ivoire	547,909	*	9
United States of America	532,571		10

Table 4B. ASEAN Importers of Rice Milled

ASEAN Country	1970 (in tonnes)		Rank	1980 (in tonnes)		Rank	1990 (in tonnes)		Rank	2000 (in tonnes)		Rank	2005 (in tonnes)		Rank	2006 (in tonnes)		Rank	2007 (in tonnes)		Rank	2008 (in tonnes)		Rank
Philippines	-		-	3		8	592,727		1	642,233		2	1,100,000	*	1	1,800,000	*	1	1,900,000	*	1	2,500,000	*	1
Malaysia	280,658		3	118,476		5	312,803		2	568,596		3	563,387		2	605,095		2	600,138		3	883,111	*	2
Singapore	234,530		4	159,698		3	202,184		3	326,759		4	258,995		3	279,276		4	303,830	*	4	269,654		3
Indonesia	956,130		2	2,011,710		1	40,641		4	803,357		1	122,637		4	306,680		3	1,001,430		2	198,676		4
Myanmar	5		8	-		-	-		-	10,000	*	8	2,096	R	8	10,500	R	7	3,149	R	8	81,000	*	5
Brunei Darussalam	10,883		6	15,914		6	30,000	*	5	40,000	*	5	33,308	R	5	33,635		5	31,765	R	5	33,096	R	6
Lao People's Democratic Republic	66,567		5	1,000		7	4,240		7	13,693	*	7	21,341	*	6	14,645	*	6	24,000	*	6	22,347	*	7
Thailand	-	M	-	-	M	-	-	M	-	524		9	1,520		9	1,445		9	2,775	*	9	13,029		8
Cambodia	1,053		7	138,500	F	4	25,800		6	37,274		6	7,594	R	7	1,856	R	8	11,965	*	7	7,574	*	9
Viet Nam	1,260,000	F	1	201,400		2	1,900		8	-	*	-	340	R	10	575	R	10	2,080	R	10	683	R	10

* = Unofficial figure
[ ] = Official data
F = FAO estimate
Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology
M = Data not available
P = Provisional official data

Source: FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2011 | 05 August 2011

Table 5A. 2008 Top 10 Exporters of Rice Milled

Country	2008 (in tonnes)	Rank
Thailand	8,672,450	1
Viet Nam	4,735,170	2
Pakistan	2,599,180	3
India	2,474,250	4
United States of America	1,705,760	5
China	809,316	6
Italy	621,162	7
United Arab Emirates	521,657	8
Uruguay	500,478	9
Brazil	319,454	10

Table 5B. ASEAN Exporters of Rice Milled

ASEAN Country	1970 (in tonnes)	Rank	1980 (in tonnes)	Rank	1990 (in tonnes)	Rank	2000 (in tonnes)		Rank	2005 (in tonnes)		Rank	2006 (in tonnes)		Rank	2007 (in tonnes)		Rank	2008 (in tonnes)		Rank
Thailand	1,047,460	1	2,762,920	1	3,557,820	1	5,282,160		1	6,043,550		1	5,996,420		1	7,408,300		1	8,672,450		1
Viet Nam	18,479	5	33,300	4	1,624,000	2	3,476,980		2	5,250,000		2	4,642,000		2	4,558,000		2	4,735,170		2
Myanmar	640,964	2	653,100	2	213,600	3	251,400		3	180,000		3	71,180	R	3	358,500		3	40,924	R	3
Singapore	33,859	4	13,342	5	1,964	4	4,105		5	82,239		4	67,070		4	74,872		4	13,607		4
Cambodia	177,688	3	-	-	-	-	4,860		4	1,384	R	7	3,444	R	5	1,170	R	5	4,299	R	5
Philippines	-	-	256,390	3	2	6	224		6	75	R	8	1,370	R	6	68	R	7	1,298	R	6
Malaysia	70	6	-	-	57	5	63		8	1,531	*	6	1,157		7	54		8	860	*	7
Indonesia	-	-	10,003	6	-	-	196		7	42,280		5	907		8	336		6	429		8
Brunei Darussalam	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	F	-	-	F	-	369	R	9	-	*	-	14	R	9

* = Unofficial figure
[ ] = Official data
F = FAO estimate
Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology
M = Data not available
P = Provisional official data

Source: FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2011 | 05 August 2011

Table 6A. Rice yield per hectare, in hectogram per hectare.

Country	Rice yield per hectare	Rank	Country	Rice yield per hectare	Rank
1970			2006
Puerto Rico	65,714	1	Egypt	100,750	1
Australia	62,274	2	Australia	98,282	2
Spain	59,487	3	United States of America	77,312	3
Japan	56,347	4	Greece	77,136	4
Egypt	54,250	5	El Salvador	73,941	5

1980			2007
Puerto Rico	87,878	1	Egypt	97,674	1
Spain	63,333	2	Australia	81,500	2
Egypt	58,331	3	United States of America	80,917	3
Italy	54,955	4	Uruguay	78,796	4
Australia	52,697	5	Greece	76,337	5

1990			2008
Swaziland	91,491	1	Egypt	97,309	1
Australia	88,000	2	Australia	95,000	2
Egypt	72,662	3	El Salvador	79,373	3
Mauritius	63,333	4	Uruguay	79,025	4
Japan	63,278	5	United States of America	76,730	5

2000			2009
Egypt	91,024	1	Egypt	100,000	1
Australia	82,573	2	Australia	90,000	2
Spain	70,660	3	United States of America	79,412	3
United States of America	70,397	4	Turkey	77,767	4
Greece	70,000	5	Rwanda	76,959	5

2005
Egypt	99,874	1
United States of America	74,244	2
Greece	72,401	3
El Salvador	72,117	4
Turkey	70,588	5

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor

Table 6B. Rice yield per hectare, ASEAN

ASEAN Country	1970 (in Hg/Ha)		Rank	1980 (in Hg/Ha)		Rank	1990 (in Hg/Ha)		Rank	2000 (in Hg/Ha)		Rank	2005 (in Hg/Ha)		Rank	2006 (in Hg/Ha)		Rank	2007 (in Hg/Ha)		Rank	2008 (in Hg/Ha)		Rank	2009 (in Hg/Ha)		Rank
Viet Nam	21,533	Fc	3	20,798	Fc	5	31,814	Fc	2	42,431	Fc	2	48,890	Fc	1	48,942	Fc	1	49,869	Fc	1	52,230	Fc	1	52278	Fc	1
Indonesia	23,762	Fc	2	32,928	Fc	1	43,017	Fc	1	44,007	Fc	1	45,739	Fc	2	46,201	Fc	2	47,052	Fc	2	48,948	Fc	2	49985	Fc	2
Myanmar	16,973	Fc	7	27,739	Fc	3	29,352	Fc	4	33,834	Fc	3	37,490	Fc	3	38,300	Fc	3	39,259	Fc	3	40,323	Fc	3	40852	Fc	3
Philippines	17,459	Fc	6	22,105	Fc	4	29,785	Fc	3	30,681	Fc	4	35,875	Fc	4	36,843	Fc	4	38,007	Fc	4	37,703	Fc	4	35889	Fc	6
Malaysia	23,857	Fc	1	28,524	Fc	2	27,693	Fc	5	30,639	Fc	5	34,220	Fc	6	33,906	Fc	5	35,277	Fc	5	35,865	Fc	5	37334	Fc	4
Lao People's Democratic Republic	13,588	Fc	9	14,385	Fc	7	22,935	Fc	6	30,605	Fc	6	34,890	Fc	5	33,482	Fc	6	34,688	Fc	6	35,465	Fc	6	36027	Fc	5
Thailand	20,207	Fc	4	18,878	Fc	6	19,555	Fc	7	26,128	Fc	7	29,625	Fc	7	29,160	Fc	7	30,086	Fc	7	29,625	Fc	7	28698	Fc	7
Cambodia	15,898	Fc	8	11,923	Fc	9	13,477	Fc	9	21,154	Fc	8	24,792	Fc	8	24,892	Fc	8	26,215	Fc	8	27,456	Fc	8	28358	Fc	8
Brunei Darussalam	19,620	Fc	5	13,797	Fc	8	15,500	Fc	8	6,500	Fc	9	8,728	Fc	9	12,234	Fc	9	11,158	Fc	9	12,212	Fc	9	12909	Fc	9
Singapore

[ ] = Official data
Fc = Calculated data
Hg = Hectogram

Table 7A. Area Harvested, in hectare

Country	Rice yield per hectare	Rank	Country	Rice yield per hectare	Rank
1970			2006
India	37,591,700	1	India	43,810,000	1
China	33,107,861	2	China	29,201,190	2
Bangladesh	9,912,800	3	Indonesia	11,786,400	3
Indonesia	8,135,080	4	Bangladesh	10,579,000	4
Thailand	6,854,000	5	Thailand	10,165,200	5

1980			2007
India	40,151,500	1	India	43,910,000	1
China	34,482,470	2	China	29,179,116	2
Bangladesh	10,308,900	3	Indonesia	12,147,600	3
Thailand	9,200,080	4	Thailand	10,668,900	4
Indonesia	9,005,070	5	Bangladesh	10,575,000	5

1990			2008
India	42,686,600	1	India	43,540,000	1
China	33,518,967	2	China	29,493,292	2
Indonesia	10,502,400	3	Indonesia	12,309,200	3
Bangladesh	10,435,300	4	Bangladesh	11,280,000	4
Thailand	8,791,890	5	Thailand	10,683,500	5

2000			2009
India	44,712,000	1	India	41,850,000	1
China	30,301,500	2	China	29,881,590	2
Indonesia	11,793,000	3	Indonesia	12,883,600	3
Bangladesh	10,801,200	4	Bangladesh	11,354,000	4
Thailand	9,891,200	5	Thailand	10,963,100	5

2005
India	43,659,800	1
China	29,116,400	2
Indonesia	11,839,100	3
Bangladesh	10,524,100	4
Thailand	10,225,000	5

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor

Table 7B.Area Harvested, ASEAN

ASEAN Country	1970 (in tonnes)	Rank	1980 (in tonnes)	Rank	1990 (in tonnes)	Rank	2000 (in tonnes)	Rank	2005 (in tonnes)	Rank	2006 (in tonnes)	Rank	2007 (in tonnes)	Rank	2008 (in tonnes)	Rank	2009 (in tonnes)	Rank
Indonesia	8,135,080	1	9,005,070	2	10,502,400	1	11,793,000	1	11,839,100	1	11,786,400	1	12,147,600	1	12,309,200	1	12883600	1
Thailand	6,854,000	2	9,200,080	1	8,791,890	2	9,891,200	2	10,225,000	2	10,165,200	2	10,668,900	2	10,683,500	2	10963100	2
Myanmar	4,808,700	3	4,800,900	4	4,760,000	4	6,302,490	4	7,384,000	3	8,074,000	3	8,011,000	3	8,078,000	3	8000000	3
Viet Nam	4,724,400	4	5,600,200	3	6,042,800	3	7,666,300	3	7,329,200	4	7,324,800	4	7,207,400	4	7,414,300	4	7440100	4
Philippines	3,195,000	5	3,459,130	5	3,318,720	5	4,038,080	5	4,070,420	5	4,159,930	5	4,272,890	5	4,459,980	5	4532300	5
Cambodia	2,399,000	6	1,440,000	6	1,855,000	6	1,903,160	6	2,414,500	6	2,516,420	6	2,566,000	6	2,613,360	6	2675000	6
Lao People's Democratic Republic	664,693	8	732,050	7	650,300	8	719,370	7	736,020	7	795,545	7	781,243	7	825,350	7	872896	7
Malaysia	704,767	7	716,800	8	680,647	7	698,700	8	676,200	8	645,000	8	673,242	8	656,062	8	672304	8
Brunei Darussalam	3,456	9	1,991	9	600	9	460	9	975	9	895	9	1,355	9	1,148	9	1062	9
Singapore		10		10		10		10		10		10		10		10		10

* = Unofficial figure
[ ] = Official data
F = FAO estimate
Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology
M = Data not available
P = Provisional official data

Table 8. Share of Exports to GDP, Current Price, 2010 1/

Type of Expenditure	Share (in million pesos)	% Share
Exports	3,133,507	34.8
A. Exports of Goods	2,259,876	25.1
B. Exports of Services	873,632	9.7


GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT	9,003,480	100.0

1/ New series

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

Table 9. Export of Goods in Current Prices, Share by Commodity, 2010 1/
Unit in Percent

	2010
TOTAL EXPORTS OF GOODS	100.0

Principal Exports of Goods	78.2

Electronic Components	62.1
Components/Devices (Semiconductors)	47.5
Electronic Data Processing	10.9
Office Equipment	0.5
Consumer Electronics	0.6
Telecommunication	0.2
Communication/Radar	1.4
Control Instrumentation	0.1
Medical/Industrial Instrumentation	0.1
Automotive Electronics	0.8

Principal Agricultural Products	4.3
Bananas, including Plantains, Fresh or Dried	0.6
Coconut Oil	2.5
Copra Oil Cake or Meal	0.2
Dessicated Coconut	0.3
Mango, Fresh or Dried	0.1
Pineapple and Pineapple Products	0.5
Sugar	0.1

Principal Fishery Products	0.8
Shrimps and Prawns	0.1
Tuna	0.7

Articles of Apparel and Clothing Accessories	3.4
Basketworks	0.1
Cathodes & Sections of Cathodes, of Refined Copper	1.6
Ignition Wiring Sets	2.2
Metal Components	1.5
Other Products Manufactured from Materials on Consignment Basis	1.5
Petroleum Products	0.7

Others	21.8

1/ New series

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

Table 10. Gross Value Added Ratio (GVAR),
Top Export Commodities and Agriculture Products, 2010 1/

	GVAR
Top Exports of Goods
1. Components/Devices (Semiconductors) a/	0.203
2. Electronic Data Processing b/	0.143
3. Articles of Apparel and Clothing Accessories c/	0.396
4. Coconut oil d/	0.898
5. Ignition Wiring Sets e/	0.260
Agriculture Products f/
Palay	0.694
Corn	0.672
Coconut	0.898
Sugarcane	0.661
Banana	0.783
Pineapple	0.834
Coffee	0.838
Mango	0.850
Cassava	0.925
Rubber	0.807
Other Crops	0.831

1/ New series

a/ GVAR from manufacturing sector under radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus
b/ GVAR from manufacturing sector under office, accounting and computing machinery
c/ GVAR from manufacturing sector under wearing apparel
d/ GVAR from agri agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing under coconut
e/ GVAR from manufacturing sector under electrical machinery and apparatus
f/ Subsectors from agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing

GVAR = Gross Value Added
____________________
Gross Output

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board

Table 11. Share of ASEAN countries to World exports
2000-2010

Unit: in FOB Dollars

Export Levels	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Brunei	3,903,000,000	3,640,000,000	3,702,000,000	4,421,000,000	5,057,000,000	6,249,000,000	7,636,103,000	7,667,972,000	10,297,000,000	7,203,000,000	9,150,000,000
Cambodia	1,389,000,000	1,499,567,000	1,923,000,000	2,118,000,000	2,798,000,000	3,091,500,000	3,692,380,000	4,088,480,000	4,708,010,000	4,301,840,000	5,030,000,000
Indonesia	65,403,000,000	57,361,000,000	59,166,000,000	64,108,000,000	70,766,610,000	86,996,064,000	103,527,000,000	118,013,000,000	139,606,000,000	119,646,000,000	158,200,000,000
Laos	330,000,000	319,510,000	300,610,000	335,470,000	363,340,000	553,080,000	882,030,000	922,690,000	1,091,900,000	1,005,300,000	1,550,000,000
Malaysia	98,229,000,000	88,005,000,000	94,058,000,000	104,705,263,000	126,510,613,000	140,980,000,000	160,675,882,000	176,211,267,000	199,515,580,000	157,433,087,000	198,800,758,113
Mayanmar	1,646,000,000	2,381,000,000	3,046,000,000	2,483,000,000	2,379,960,000	3,813,460,000	4,588,852,000	6,337,870,000	6,937,180,000	6,709,991,000	8,590,000,000
Philippines	39,783,000,000	32,664,000,000	35,208,000,000	36,231,000,000	39,680,520,000	41,254,683,000	47,410,117,000	50,465,711,000	49,077,540,000	38,435,802,000	51,432,000,000
Singapore	137,804,000,000	121,751,000,000	125,177,000,000	159,902,000,000	198,637,000,000	229,649,000,000	271,807,000,000	299,307,920,000	338,176,022,000	269,832,500,000	351,867,092,216
Thailand	69,057,000,000	64,968,000,000	68,108,000,000	80,323,600,000	96,248,200,000	110,936,420,000	129,721,710,000	153,867,440,000	177,777,630,000	152,422,240,000	195,319,100,000
Vietnam	14,483,000,000	15,029,000,000	16,706,000,000	20,149,300,000	26,485,000,000	32,442,000,000	39,826,200,000	48,561,000,000	62,685,000,000	57,096,329,971	72,192,000,000

Unit: In Percent

	2000	Rank	2001	Rank	2002	Rank	2003	Rank	2004	Rank	2005	Rank	2006	Rank	2007	Rank	2008	Rank	2009	Rank	2010	Rank
World	6,456,000,000,000		6,191,000,000,000		6,492,000,000,000		7,586,000,000,000		9,218,000,000,000		10,489,000,000,000		12,113,000,000,00		14,000,000,000,000		16,116,000,000,000		12,522,000,000,000		15,238,000,000,000
Singapore	2.13	1	1.97	1	1.93	1	2.11	1	2.15	1	2.19	1	2.24	1	2.14	1	2.10	1	2.15	1	2.31	1
Malaysia	1.52	2	1.42	2	1.45	2	1.38	2	1.37	2	1.34	2	1.33	2	1.26	2	1.24	2	1.26	2	1.30	2
Thailand	1.07	3	1.05	3	1.05	3	1.06	3	1.04	3	1.06	3	1.07	3	1.10	3	1.10	3	1.22	3	1.28	3
Indonesia	1.01	4	0.93	4	0.91	4	0.85	4	0.77	4	0.83	4	0.85	4	0.84	4	0.87	4	0.96	4	1.04	4
Vietnam	0.22	6	0.24	6	0.26	6	0.27	6	0.29	6	0.31	6	0.33	6	0.35	6	0.39	5	0.46	5	0.47	5
Philippines	0.62	5	0.53	5	0.54	5	0.48	5	0.43	5	0.39	5	0.39	5	0.36	5	0.30	6	0.31	6	0.34	6
Brunei	0.06	7	0.06	7	0.06	7	0.06	7	0.05	7	0.06	7	0.06	7	0.05	7	0.06	7	0.06	7	0.06	7
Mayanmar	0.03	8	0.04	8	0.05	8	0.03	8	0.03	9	0.04	8	0.04	8	0.05	8	0.04	8	0.05	8	0.06	8
Cambodia	0.02	9	0.02	9	0.03	9	0.03	9	0.03	8	0.03	9	0.03	9	0.03	9	0.03	9	0.03	9	0.03	9
Laos	0.01	10	0.01	10	0.00	10	0.00	10	0.00	10	0.01	10	0.01	10	0.01	10	0.01	10	0.01	10	0.01	10

Source: World Trade Organization. http://stat.wto.org/StatisticalProgram/WSDBStatProgramHome.aspx?Language=E

Table 12. Top 5 Country Destinations of Philippine Exports
(F.O.B. Value in Million U.S. Dollars)

Country	Levels	Share (%)	Country	Levels	Share (%)	Country	Levels	Share (%)	Country	Levels	Share (%)
1995			1999			2003			2007
Total Export	17,447	100.0	Total Export	35,037	100.0	Total Export	36,231	100.0	Total Export	50,466	100.0
1. United States of America 1/	6,160	35.3	1. United States of America 1/	10,445	29.8	1. United States of America 1/	7,263	20.1	1. United States of America 1/	8,594	17.0
2. Japan 2/	2,747	15.8	2. Japan 2/	4,664	13.3	2. Japan 2/	5,768	15.9	2. Japan 2/	7,304	14.5
3. Singapore	996	5.7	3. Taiwan	2,993	8.5	3. Hongkong	3,094	8.5	3. Hong Kong	5,804	11.5
4. United Kingdom of Great Britain	923	5.3	4. Netherlands	2,865	8.2	4. Netherlands	2,922	8.1	4. China, People's Republic of	5,750	11.4
5. Hongkong	824	4.7	5. Singapore	2,467	7.0	5. Taiwan	2,492	6.9	5. Netherlands	4,150	8.2
1996			2000			2004			2008
Total Export	20,543	100.0	Total Export	38,078	100.0	Total Export	39,681	100.0	Total Export	49,078	100.0
1. United States of America 1/	6,966	33.9	1. United States of America 1/	11,365	29.9	1. Japan 2/	7,982	20.1	1. United States of America 1/	8,207	16.7
2. Japan 2/	3,671	17.9	2. Japan 2/	5,609	14.7	2. United States of America 1/	7,088	17.9	2. Japan 2/	7,707	15.7
3. Singapore	1,224	6.0	3. Singapore	3,124	8.2	3. Netherlands	3,583	9.0	3. China, People's Republic of	5,469	11.1
4. Netherlands	1,115	5.4	4. Netherlands	2,982	7.8	4. Hongkong	3,146	7.9	4. Hong Kong	4,987	10.2
5. United Kingdom of Great Britain	936	4.6	5. Taiwan	2,861	7.5	5. China	3,653	6.7	5. Netherlands	3,708	7.6
1997			2001			2005			2009
Total Export	25,228	100.0	Total Export	32,150	100.0	Total Export	41,255	100.0	Total Export	38,436	100.0
1. United States of America 1/	8,815	34.9	1. United States of America 1/	8,980	27.9	1. United States of America 1/	7,418	18.0	1. United States of America 1/	6,789	17.7
2. Japan 2/	4,194	16.6	2. Japan 2/	5,057	15.7	2. Japan 2/	7,206	17.5	2. Japan 2/	6,208	16.2
3. Netherlands	1,663	6.6	3. Netherlands	2,976	9.3	3. China, People's Republic of	4,077	9.9	3. Netherlands	3,744	9.7
4. Singapore	1,621	6.4	4. Singapore	2,308	7.2	4. Netherlands	4,033	9.8	4. Hong Kong	3,213	8.4
5. Hongkong	1,172	4.6	5. Taiwan	2,127	6.6	5. Hong Kong	3,341	8.1	5. China, People's Republic of	2,934	7.6
1998			2002			2006			2010
Total Export	29,496	100.0	Total Export	35,208	100.0	Total Export	47,410	100.0	Total Export	51,393	100.0
1. United States of America 1/	10,098	34.2	1. United States of America 1/	8,683	24.7	1. United States of America 1/	8,690	18.3	1. Japan 2/	7,798	15.2
2. Japan 2/	4,234	14.4	2. Japan 2/	5,293	15.0	2. Japan 2/	7,918	16.7	2. United States of America 1/	7,557	14.7
3. Netherlands	2,319	7.9	3. Netherlands	3,055	8.7	3. Netherlands	4,769	10.1	3. Singapore	7,331	14.3
4. Singapore	1,832	6.2	4. Taiwan	2,485	7.1	4. China, People's Republic of	4,628	9.8	4. China, People's Republic of	5,701	11.1
5. Taiwan	1,757	6.0	5. Singapore	2,472	7.0	5. Hong Kong	3,706	7.8	5. Hong Kong	4,333	8.4

1/ includes Alaska and Hawaii
2/ includes Okinawa

Source: National Statistics Office http://census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/datafts.html

Posted: 08 August 2011.