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Glossary
of Terms
FORESTRY 
Annual cropland - land cultivated with crops with a growing cycle under
one year, which must be newly sown or planted for further production after
harvesting.
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Bamboo/palm formation - forest on which more than 75 percent of crown
cover consist of bamboo/palm species.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment,
Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Bare areas - land not covered by (semi-) natural or artificial cover.
These include, among others, sand dunes, riverwash, lahar-laden areas and
rocky or stony areas.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
Beach forest - a narrow strip of woodland along the sandy and gravelly
beaches of the seacoast dominated by Terminalia catappa, Casuarina equisetifolia,
Barringtonia asiatica, Sonneratia caseolaris, Acacia farnesiana and Erythrina
orientalis.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
Broadleaved forest - forest with a predominance (more than 75 percent
of tree crown cover) of trees of broad-leaved species.
Reference: Forest
Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Built-up area - composed of areas of intensive use with much of the land
covered by structures. It includes cities, towns, villages, strip developments
along highways, transportation, power, and communication facilities, and
areas occupied by mills, shopping centers, industrial and commercial complexes,
and institutions that may, in some instances, be isolated from urban areas.
Reference:
Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Closed formation/forest - formations where trees in the various storeys
and the undergrowth cover a high proportion (>40 percent) of the ground
and do not have a continuous dense grass layer. They are either managed
or unmanaged forests, in advanced state of succession and may have been
logged –over one or more times, having kept their characteristics
of forest stands, possibly with modified structure and composition.
Reference:
Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Coniferous forest – forest with predominance (more than 75 percent
of tree crown cover) of trees of coniferous species.
Reference: Forest Resource
Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Cultivated land - land not classified as forest or other wooded land
used by man for agriculture or pastures.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment,
Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Fallow - refers to woody vegetation resulting from the clearing of natural
forest for shifting to agriculture. It is an intermediate class between
forest and non-forest land uses. Part of the area, which is not under cultivation
may have the appearance of a secondary forest.
Reference: Forest Resource
Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Forest – refers to land with an area of more than 0.5 hectare and tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10 percent. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 meters at maturity in situ. It consists either of closed forest formations where trees of various storeys and undergrowth cover a high proportion of the ground or open forest formations with a continuous vegetation cover in which tree crown cover exceeds 10 percent. Young natural stands and all plantations established for forestry purposes, which have yet to reach a crown density of more than 10 percent or tree height of 5 meters are included under forest.
These are normally forming part of the forest area, which are temporarily
unstocked as a result of human intervention or natural causes but which
are expected to revert to forest. It includes forest nurseries and seed
orchards that constitute an integral part of the forest; forest roads,
cleared tracts, firebreaks and other small open areas; forest within protected
areas; windbreaks and shelter belts of trees with an area of more than
0.5 hectare and width of more than 20 meter; plantations primarily used
for forestry purposes, including rubber wood plantations. It also includes
bamboo, palm and fern formations (except coconut and oil palm).
Reference:
Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Forest cover - refers to natural and manmade forests, including forests
within wetlands and built-up areas.
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization,
2000
Grassland - areas predominantly vegetated with grasses such as Imperata,
Themeda, and Saccharum spp., among others.
Reference: Inter-Agency Task
Force on Geographic Information Resolution No. 1, Series of 1995
Inland water wetlands - bodies of water surrounded by land (e.g. rivers,
lakes, streams, mudflats, ponds/fishponds, dams and reservoirs).
Reference:
Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Land cover - the observed (bio) physical cover of the earth's surface.
Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Mangrove - forested wetland growing along tidal mudflats and along shallow
water coastal areas extending inland along rivers, streams and their tributaries
where the water is generally brackish and composed mainly of Rhizopora,
Bruguiera, Ceriops, Avicenia, Aegiceras, and Nipa species.
Reference: Center
for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and Presidential Decree No.
705 or the Revised Forestry Code, Section 3, May 19, 1975.
Marshland - natural area usually dominated by grass-like plants such
as cat tails and sedges, which are rooted in bottom sediments but emerge
above the surface of the water. It contains emergence vegetation and usually
develops in zones progressing from terrestrial habitat to open water.
Reference:
Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, June 2, 1992
Mixed forest - forest in which none of the species groups such as conifer,
broadleaved, bamboo and palm accounts for more than 75 percent of the tree
crown cover.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
Mossy forest – forest stand found principally on high elevations
and very rough mountainous regions characterized by steep ridges. The trees
are mostly dwarf with stems and branches usually covered by epiphytes (moss)
and dominated by Podocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, and Fagaceae.
Reference: Natural
Forest Resources of the Philippines, Philippines-German Forest Resources
Inventory Project Report, 1988
Natural forest - composed of indigenous trees, not planted by man.
Reference:
Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Natural land - land not classified as forest or other wooded land undisturbed
by man.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization,
2000
Open formation/forest - formations with discontinuous tree layer with
coverage of at least 10 percent and less than 40 percent. They are either
managed or unmanaged forests, in initial state of succession.
Reference:
Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Other land - land with tree cover less than
5 percent. It includes agricultural land, pastures, built-up areas, bare
areas, grasslands, etc..
Reference:
Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Other land with tree cover - the land primarily not under forest having
more than 0.5 hectare with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees
able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. It includes urban parks
and gardens.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture
Organization, 2000
Other wooded land - those lands either with a crown cover (or equivalent
stocking level) of 5-10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters
at maturity; or a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than
10 percent not able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity, e.g., dwarf
or stunted trees; or with shrubs or bush cover of more than 10 percent.
Reference:
Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Pastureland - land managed for raising livestock.
Reference: Food and
Agriculture Organization, 2000
Perennial cropland - land cultivated with long term crops that do not
have to be replanted for several years after each harvest; harvesting components
are not timber but fruits, latex and other products that do not significantly
harm the growth of the planted trees or shrubs; orchards, vineyards and
palm plantations, coffee, tea, sisal, banana, abaca, etc.
Reference: Food
and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Plantation forest - established by planting or/and seeding in the process
of afforestation or reforestation.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment,
Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Shrubland - where the dominant woody vegetation are shrubs, generally
of more than 0.5 meter and less than 5 meter in height in maturity and
without a definite crown. The growth habit can be erect, spreading or prostate.
The height limits for trees and shrubs should be interpreted with flexibility,
particularly the minimum tree and maximum shrub height, which may vary
between 5 and 7 meters approximately.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment,
Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000
Wetlands - areas of marsh, fen, peat land or water, whether natural or
artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static, flowing,
fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water, the depth of
which at low tide does not exceed six meters.
Reference: Ramsar Convention
on Wetlands, Article 1.1 as amended in 1982 and 1987, Ramsar, Iran, 1971
Wooded grassland - areas predominantly vegetated with grasses, such as
Imperata, Themeda, Saccharum and where the trees cover between 5 percent
to 10 percent of area and their height may reach 5 meters at maturity.
Reference: Forest Resource Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization,
2000
Definitions
are per NSCB Resolution
No. 12, Series of 2004
Annex-BR-12-2004-01:AFF-01.
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